Maria Bamford did great things without much mainstream notice for years, voicing characters on animated programs including “Adventure Time,” playing a Tobias Funke love interest on “Arrested Development” and starring in the Web series “The Maria Bamford Show.” Then Bamford found a high-profile starring role in the Netflix series “Lady Dynamite,” loosely based on her own life, about a stand-up comedian who returns to Los Angeles and tries to pick up her life after treatment for bipolar disorder. Finding a way through tough times is a common theme in Bamford’s biting, self-deprecating comedy.