Palantir Technologies Inc. jumped 34% in its first day in its 17-year-history as a public company on Wednesday. The data analytics business, which last month moved its headquarters from Palo Alto to Denver, entered its debut with a preliminary valuation of about $12 billion after the New York Stock Exchange set the reference price for its offering at $7.25. That valuation was well below the $20 billion that investors estimated Palantir was worth in 2015 and also below the $22 billion fully diluted…