Enlarge (credit: Google Earth) The location and characteristics of most of the world’s volcanoes can be explained with just two recipes for magma production. The melting point of rock depends on pressure, so hot mantle rock flowing up toward the surface can melt as the pressure drops. The addition of water lowers the melting point, too, so water-laden seafloor plates can trigger melt as they sink down into the Earth at subduction zones.