Classical organisms made of cells, is a special case of amore general concept. Generalized or abstract organism can be made of the other organisms; for example an 'ant hill' can be viewed as a single organism, made of mostly of individual ants or society as an organism made of individuals.The individual units may be anorganic (robots) or existonly in a computer (artificial life).
Gaia
Gaia Hypothesis or Gaia Theory looks at planet Earth (and other living planets which we may encounter in the future) as an instance of a living organism.
Daisyworld,
Education,
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