‘Every instinct will persuade you that there should not be a Pakistan,” the Los Angeles Times declared in 1943. The paper’s hostility had American roots. As it went on to explain, “Only an old-school Southerner who thinks Appomattox was a shocking bad show could go for Pakistan.” The idea of Pakistan emerged from the anxieties and prejudices of a decaying class of India’s Muslim elites, who claimed that Islam’s purity would be contaminated in a pluralistic society.