Whenever Tovah Feldshuh takes a pensive puff on a cigarette, pounds a frustrated fist on a table or confides a profound anxiety, out of all that smoke, noise and intimation of private terror emerges yet another searing trace of Golda — as in Golda Meir, the storied Israeli prime minister, whom, over the course of “Golda’s Balcony,” Feldshuh so captivatingly inhabits that you wouldn’t be taken aback to hear the actress herself had stood for the Knesset and won.