WASHINGTON — A group claiming Harvard discriminates against Asian American applicants is asking the Supreme Court to ban the consideration of race in college admissions nationwide. With an expanded 6-3 conservative majority since the last time the court heard an affirmative action case, the court could decide in the spring whether to take up the issue anew. Lower courts have rejected the claims made by Students for Fair Admissions that Harvard imposed a “racial penalty” on Asian American applicants.