The sanctions imposed so far have not deterred Russia, but uncertainty over their long-term impact has caused economic growth forecasts to plummet, prompted investors to pull money out of the country at almost twice the pace as last year and forced its central bank to raise rates to defend the Russian currency. Putin adviser Igor Shchegolev, Russian State Duma Deputy Speaker Sergei Neverov, Ukrainian separatist leader Aleksandr Borodai and Sergey Beseda, an official with Russia's Federal Security Service, the intelligence agency that replaced the KGB after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The EU, Russia's biggest trading partner, also banned the export of certain oil exploration equipment — action intended to hamper long-term development of Russia's oil industry. [...] the EU banned exports and imports of weaponry and other military goods to and from Russia.