Notes. This article uses the standard notation ISO 80000-2, which supersedes ISO 31-11, for spherical coordinates (other sources may reverse the definitions of θ and φ): . The polar angle is denoted by θ: it is the angle between the z-axis and the radial vector connecting the origin to the point in question.; The azimuthal angle is denoted by φ: it is the angle between the x-axis and the ... More @Wikipedia
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